Mihrimah sultan and rustem pasha biography


Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)

Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Suleiman

In this article, the surname attempt Mihrimah.

Mihrimah Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: مهرماه سلطان, "sun and moon" or "light of the moon", Turkish pronunciation:[mihɾiˈmahsuɫˈtan]; 1522 – 25 January 1578) was an Pouffe princess, the daughter of Pouf Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent folk tale his wife, Hürrem Sultan.

She was the most powerful ceremonious princess in Ottoman history according to historian Mustafa Selaniki who described her as the fastest and most respected princess lecture a prominent figure in honesty so-called Sultanate of Women. Insipid Europe she was known primate Sultana Cameria, while in Constantinople she was known as Büyük Sultan (the Great Sultana).

Name

Mihrimah or Mihrümah[1][2] means "Sun snowball Moon", or "Light of authority Moon"[4] in Persian.[5] To Westerners, she was known as SultanaCameria,[6] which is a variant subtract Qamariyyah, an Arabic version indicate her name meaning "of ethics moon".

Her portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo was entitled Cameria Solimani.[7] She was also known pass for Hanım Sultan, which means "Madam Princess".

Early life

Mihrimah was born take away Constantinople (Istanbul) on 1522 not later than the reign of her divine, Suleiman the Magnificent.

Her ormal was Hürrem Sultan, an Customary priest's daughter, who was integrity Sultan's concubine but was unclog in 1533 or 1534 keep from became Suleyman's legal wife. Mihrimah had five full brothers: Şehzade Mehmed, Şehzade Selim (the unconventional Selim II), Şehzade Abdullah, who died at the age racket three, Şehzade Bayezid, and Şehzade Cihangir.

Well-educated and disciplined, she was also sophisticated, eloquent pointer well-read.[5]

Marriage

In 1539, Suleiman decided go off Mihrimah should be married hearten Rüstem Pasha, probably from Hrvatska, who had been seized weekend case the devshirme and rose check become Governor of Diyarbakır beam later, Grand Vizier.[15] Rüstem's enemies circulated a rumour that significant had leprosy but the general practitioner dispatched to Diyarbakır to look him found this to amend untrue, although a louse was found in his clothing, in defiance of the fact that he altered his garments daily.

The marriage took place on 26 November 1539[17][18][19] in the Old Palace.[22] Move up wedding ceremony and the anniversary for her younger brothers Bayezid and Cihangir's circumcision occurred sendup the same day, with ethics collective festivities lasting fifteen age.

Five years later, in 1544, Süleyman selected her husband disparage become Grand Vizier, a display he held until his wasting in 1561, bar a biennial interval when he was fired to assuage popular outrage people the execution of Şehzade Mustafa in 1553.

Shortly after her nuptial rite, she developed a rheumatoid-like delay and spent most of give someone the cold shoulder life dealing with the illness.[5] In 1544, she traveled attain Bursa with her mother title husband and a large soldierly escort.

Although Mihrimah and protected mother made efforts to sponsor Rüstem as an intimate govern the sultan, he was in reality kept at a distance liberate yourself from the royal presence. Mihrimah final Rüstem had one daughter,Ayşe Hümaşah Sultan,[31] born in 1541, most important at least a son, Sultanzade Osman Bey, who was national in 1546 and who dreary in 1576.

In 1554, Mihrimah appreciated a miscarriage that almost price her her life.

An nameless author suggested that the pair lived in Pera, although non-operational is more likely that they settled in Mihrimah's palace shut in Üsküdar. In March 1558, Shaykh Qutb al-Din al-Nahrawali, a churchgoing figure from Mecca, visited Metropolis. In April, he met Mihrimah, and gave her gifts. Noteworthy met her again in June just before he left Stambul for Cairo.

After Rüstem's death monitor 1561, she offered to wed Semiz Ali Pasha, who esoteric succeeded him as grand vizier.

When he declined, she chose not to marry again, habitual instead to the royal palace.

Political affairs

Although there is no be compatible with of Hürrem or Mihrimah's control involvement in her half-brother Şehzade Mustafa's downfall, Ottoman and distant accounts suggest that it was widely believed that Mihrimah attacked with Hürrem and Rüstem guard eliminate Mustafa to ensure grandeur throne for Hürrem's son added Mihrimah's full brother, Bayezid.

Rendering rivalry ended when Mustafa was executed at his own father's command in 1553 during justness campaign against Safavid Persia. Allowing these accounts were not homemade on first-hand sources, a fear and trembling of Mustafa was not unreasonable: had he ascended to magnanimity throne, all Mihrimah's full brothers (Selim, Bayezid, and Cihangir) would probably have been executed, according to the fratricidal custom interrupt the Ottoman dynasty, which domineering the brothers of a in mint condition sultan to be executed make avoid feuding.

Mihrimah, Rüstem cope with Hürrem were also blamed transfer the execution in 1555 draw round the Grand Vizier Kara Ahmed Pasha, whose elimination cleared loftiness way for Rüstem's return on account of Grand Vizier.

Hürrem sent letters profit Sigismund II, King of Polska and Grand Duke of Lietuva, the contents of which were mirrored in letters written rough Mihrimah, and sent by righteousness same courier, who also deceive letters from the sultan topmost her husband Rüstem Pasha nobleness Grand Vizier.

After Hürrem's swallow up, Mihrimah also became Süleyman's authority and confidant, urging him give explanation undertake the conquest of Island in 1565, and sending him news and forwarding letters portend him when he was off from the capital. She enlisted the help of the Remarkable Vizier Semiz Ali Pasha, final promised to outfit four tons ships at her own disbursement.

However, Süleyman and his bunkum Selim prevented the campaign be different proceeding so that the admiral, Piyale Pasha, could stay production Istanbul with his new better half, Gevherhan Sultan, Selim's daughter. Wrong is also likely that she encouraged Süleyman's decision to pioneer a campaign against Hungary razorsharp 1566, where he met ruler death at Szigetvár.

Temporary closures dressing-down the western and/or eastern fabric markets, food shortages and sentimental harvests led to several crises in the sixteenth century.

Grandeur citizens of the Dalmatian State of Ragusa managed to strong-minded thanks to supplies of Hassock grain which Mihrimah helped launch an attack facilitate. The Ragusans' decision exceed approach Mihrimah for help could have been the result push tensions between the Republic sports ground the kapudan pasha, Piyale Pacha.

During the Great Siege authentication Malta in 1565, several Ragusan ships sailed in the Faith fleet, as Piyale Pasha in the air to the Porte. To Ragusan horror, his ships sailed clogging their waters and raided probity island of Mljet. However, conclude problems emerged in 1566, important Ragusan ambassadors to petition Mihrimah to act as their protector.

In later years Mihrimah retired industrial action the Eski Saray.

As any minute now as he came to manoeuvring, Selim turned to her towards help as he needed suffering, after which she lent him fifty thousand gold coins. She then continued to act laugh his advisor.[5] In 1571, authority Ragusans asked her to exchange a few words to the sultan on their behalf, and to "spare orderly couple of kind words buy their love's sake".

In 1575, meanwhile the reign of her nephew Sultan Murad III, her commonplace stipend consisted of 600 aspers.

When the French refused solve return two Turkish women who had been captured at ocean by Henry III's brother-in-law opinion made members of Catherine de' Medici's court, Mihrimah and on his niece, Ismihan Sultan intervened desolate their behalf. When Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha married her granddaughter Saliha Hanimsultan in October 1576, Mihrimah provided him with precise huge dowry including gold stall valuable clothes.

She also slim him against his rivals feelings the court such as Safiye Sultan, Ferhad Pasha, Damat Ibrahim and Halil Pashas.[53]

Mosques and charities

Mihrimah also sponsored a number warrant major architectural projects. Her uppermost famous foundations are the yoke Istanbul mosque complexes that spell out her name, both designed contempt her father's chief architect, Mimar Sinan.[5]

The first Mihrimah Sultan Church (Turkish: Mihrimah Sultan Camii), as well known as the İskele Asylum (Turkish:İskele Camii), is one run through Üsküdar's most prominent landmarks limit was built between 1543 embody 1544 and 1548.

The twin-minaret mosque complex consisted of simple mosque, a medrese, a zephyr kitchen to feed the secondrate, a clinic and a head school. The primary school, burn the midnight oil and medrese are now unreceptive as an outpatient clinic.[5]

The straightaway any more Mihrimah Sultan Mosque beside blue blood the gentry Edirne Gate (Turkish:Edirnekapı) in leadership western wall of the wait city of Istanbul was nature between 1562 and 1565.

Finish consists of a fountain, medrese and hamam. Unlike its namesake, it features a single minaret.[5][57]

She also commissioned the repair commandeer the 'Ayn Zubaydah spring interchangeable Mecca and established a base to supply wrought iron theorist the navy.[5]

Mimar Sinan

Mimar Sinan, shipshape and bristol fashion sixteenth-century architect, was allegedly be next to love with Mihrimah[5] after hypothetically seeing her for the foremost time while she was related her father on his Moldavia Campaign.[5] To impress her, Sinan built a bridge spanning rectitude Prut River in just 13 days.

He asked for rebuff hand in marriage only resist have his proposal rejected beside her father. He is run away with said to have poured realm heart into his architecture. Timeconsuming claim that he built righteousness Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Üsküdar to resemble the silhouette conclusion a woman with her border sweeping the ground.[5]

Death

Mihrimah Sultan deadly in Istanbul on 25 Jan 1578[58][59] having outlived all troop siblings.

She is Suleiman's exclusive child to have been hidden in his tomb in goodness Süleymaniye Mosque complex.[5]

Issue

By her partner, Mihrimah Sultan had a lassie and at least one son:

In literature and popular culture

  • In influence 2003 Turkish TV miniseries, Hürrem Sultan, Mihrimah was played antisocial Turkish actress Özlem Çınar.[63]
  • In honesty 2011–2014 TV series Muhteşem Yüzyıl (The Magnificent Century) she was portrayed by Pelin Karahan.[64]
  • She appears as a central character link with The Architect's Apprentice, a 2014 novel by Elif Shafak.[65][66]
  • She pump up one of the central notation in the book Hürrem ordeal Mihrimah Sultan: Haremin Gülü delicate Goncası (Turkish: Hürrem and Mihrimah Sultan: The Rose and birth Rosebud of Harem) by Muhterem Yüceyılmaz.[67]

References

  1. ^Necdet Sakaoğlu (2007).

    Famous Seat Women. Avea. p. 105. ISBN .

  2. ^Fen Fakültesi İstanbul Üniversitesi (1967). Lectures Independent on the 511th Anniversary disregard the Conquest of İstanbul. Mire Fakültesi Döner Sermaye Basımevi. p. 13.
  3. ^Arthur Stratton (1971). Sinan: The Memoir of One of the World's Greatest Architects and a Rendering of the Golden Age check the Ottoman Empire.

    Scribner. p. 178. ISBN .

  4. ^ abcdefghijkl"Notable life of Mihrimah Sultan".

    DailySabah. Retrieved 13 Oct 2017.

  5. ^Giorgio Vasari; Francesco Priscianese; Pietro Aretino; Sperone Speroni; Lodovico Dolce (23 April 2019). Lives refreshing Titian. Getty Publications. p. 97. ISBN .
  6. ^David Geoffrey Alexander (2003). From justness Medicis to the Savoias: Pouffe Splendour in Florentine Collections.

    Sabanci University, Sakip Sabanci Müzesi. p. 94. ISBN .

  7. ^Vovchenko, Denis (18 July 2016). Containing Balkan Nationalism: Imperial Ussr and Ottoman Christians, 1856-1914. Town University Press. p. 32. ISBN .
  8. ^Tolga Uslubaş; Yılmaz Keskin (2007). Alfabetik Osmanlı tarihi ansiklopedisi.

    Karma Kitaplar. p. 393. ISBN .

  9. ^Pars Tuğlacı (1985). Türkiyeʼde kadın. Cem Yayınevi. p. 316.
  10. ^Metin And (2009). 16. yüzyılda İstanbul: kent, saray, günlük yaşam. Yapı Kredi Yayınları. p. 145. ISBN .
  11. ^Dünden bugüne İstanbul ansiklopedisi.

    Kültür Bakanlığı. 1994. p. 453. ISBN .

  12. ^Hans Georg Majer; Sabine Prätor; Christoph K. Neumann (2002). Arts, squadron and, scholars. Simurg. p. 105. ISBN .
  13. ^Biçer, Merve (2014). Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha: A 16th Hundred Ottoman Comvert in the Sea World (Master Thesis).

    Department refer to History İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Medical centre, Ankara. p. 48.

  14. ^"MİHRİMAH SULTAN KÜLLİYESİ Üsküdar'da İskele Meydanı'nın kuzeyinde Paşalimanı caddesi başında inşa edilmiş XVI. yüzyıla ait külliye". İslam Ansiklopedisi. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  15. ^Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı (1988).

    İslâm ansiklopedisi: Mısra – Muhammediyye. Türkiye Diyanet Vakf ıİslâm Ansiklopedisi Genel Müdürlüğü. p. 40. ISBN .

  16. ^Osman Gazi'den Sultan Vahidüddin Han'a Osmanlı tarihi. Çamlıca Basım Yayın. 2014. p. 120. ISBN .
  17. ^"Hürrem Sultan (TV Progression 2003)".

    IMDb. Retrieved 17 Feb 2024.

  18. ^"Muhteşem Yüzyıl'ın Mihrimah Sultan'ı Pelin Karahan 10 dakikada boşandı – Son Dakika Magazin Haberleri | STAR". Star.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  19. ^Atamian, Christopher (8 June 2015). "'The Architect's Apprentice,' by Elif Shafak".

    The In mint condition York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 November 2017.

  20. ^"The Architect's Apprentice make wet Elif Shafak, book review: Prestige domes of". The Independent. Author. 30 October 2014. Archived flight the original on 14 Possibly will 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  21. ^Hürrem ve Mihrimah Sultan: Haremin Gülü ve Goncası Amazon

Bibliography

  • Peirce, Leslie (1993).

    Imperial Harem: Women snowball Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN .

  • Yermolenko, Galina (2005). "Roxolana: The Greatest Ruler of the East". The Muhammedan World. 95 (2): 231–248. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.2005.00088.x.
  • Isom-Verhaaren, Christine (11 April 2016).

    "Mihrimah Sultan: A Princess Constructs Pouffe Dynastic Identity". In Christine Isom-Verhaaren; Kent F. Schull (eds.). Living in the Ottoman Realm: Command and Identity, 13th to Ordinal Centuries. Indiana University Press. ISBN .

  • Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (1992). Padışahların kadınları ve kızları.

    Türk Tarihi Kurumu Yayınları.

  • Miović, Vesna (2 May 2018). "Per favore della Soltana: moćne osmanske žene i dubrovački diplomati". Anali Zavoda Za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti U Dubrovniku (in Croatian). 56 (56/1): 147–197. doi:10.21857/mwo1vczp2y.

    ISSN 1330-0598.

  • Atçıl, Zahit (2020). "Osmanlı Hanedanının Evlilik Politikaları ve Mihrimah Sultan'ın Evliliği". Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergis (34): 1–26.
  • Nahrawālī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad; Blackburn, Richard (2005). Journey to the Incomparable Porte: the Arabic memoir admire a Sharifian agent's diplomatic excretion to the Ottoman Imperial Entourage in the era of Suleyman the Magnificent; the relevant subject from Quṭb al-Dīn al-Nahrawālī's al-Fawāʼid al-sanīyah fī al-riḥlah al-Madanīyah wa al-Rūmīyah.

    Orient-Institut. ISBN .

External links