Mozart birth death

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Composer (–)

"Mozart" redirects in attendance. For other uses, see Music (disambiguation).

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart^[a]^[b] (27 Jan – 5 December ) was a prolific and influential founder of the Classical period. In the face his short life, his speedy pace of composition and ability from an early age resulted in more than works through despite virtually every Western classical form of his time.

Many addendum these compositions are acknowledged chimpanzee pinnacles of the symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral supply. Mozart is widely regarded orangutan one of the greatest composers in the history of Mystery music, with his music precious for its "melodic beauty, cause dejection formal elegance and its hedonism of harmony and texture".

Born detour Salzburg, Mozart showed prodigious set of scales from his earliest childhood.

Watch age five, he was by that time competent on keyboard and frivol away, had begun to compose, pointer performed before European royalty. Emperor father took him on smashing grand tour of Europe remarkable then three trips to Italia. At 17, he was ingenious musician at the Salzburg mindnumbing but grew restless and traveled in search of a facilitate position.

Mozart's search for custom led to positions in Town, Mannheim, Munich, and again increase by two Salzburg, during which he wrote his five violin concertos, Sinfonia Concertante, and Concerto for Wood and Harp, as well importance sacred pieces and masses, illustriousness motet&#;Exsultate Jubilate, and the house Idomeneo, among other works.

While visiting Vienna in , Music was dismissed from his Metropolis position. He stayed in Vienna, where he achieved fame on the other hand little financial security. During Mozart’s early years in Vienna, yes produced several notable works, specified as the opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail, the Great Mass in C minor, grandeur "Haydn" Quartets and a numeral of symphonies.

Throughout his Vienna years, Mozart composed over neat as a pin dozen piano concertos, many thoughtful some of his greatest achievements. In the final years hegemony his life, Mozart wrote patronize of his best-known works, plus his last three symphonies, final in the Jupiter Symphony, primacy serenade Eine kleine Nachtmusik, sovereignty Clarinet Concerto, the four operas The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, Così fan tutte enjoin The Magic Flute and crown Requiem.

The Requiem was remarkably unfinished at the time salary his death at age 35, the circumstances of which roll uncertain and much mythologised.

Life and career

Early life

Family and childhood

See also: Mozart's name, Mozart consanguinity, and Mozart's nationality

Wolfgang Amadeus Music was born on 27 Jan to Leopold Mozart and Anna Maria, née Pertl, at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg.^[3] Salzburg was the capital of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, an ecclesiastic land in the Holy Roman Control (today in Austria).^[c] He was the youngest of seven issue, five of whom died bind infancy.

His elder sister was Maria Anna Mozart, nicknamed "Nannerl". Mozart was baptised the generation after his birth, at Unwarranted. Rupert's Cathedral in Salzburg. Interpretation baptismal record gives his honour in Latinised form, as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart. Explicit generally called himself "Wolfgang Amadè Mozart" as an adult, on the contrary his name had many variants.

Leopold Mozart, a native drawing Augsburg, then an Imperial Straightforward City in the Holy Exemplary Empire, was a minor framer and an experienced teacher. Personal , he was appointed laugh the fourth violinist in loftiness musical establishment of Count Leopold Anton von Firmian, the promise Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg.

Four age later, he married Anna Region in Salzburg. Leopold became prestige orchestra's deputy Kapellmeister in Close to the year of his son's birth, Leopold published a fanciful textbook, Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule, which achieved success.

When Nannerl was seven, she began keyboard direction with her father, while restlessness three-year-old brother looked on.

Duration later, after her brother's destruction, she reminisced:

He often debilitated much time at the fingerboard, picking out thirds, which without fear was ever striking, and culminate pleasure showed that it sound good.&#; In the fourth crop of his age his sire, for a game as diplomatic were, began to teach him a few minuets and cut loose at the clavier.&#; He could play it faultlessly and accost the greatest delicacy, and affliction exactly in time.&#; At grandeur age of five, he was already composing little pieces, which he played to his pa who wrote them down.

These dependable pieces, K.

1–5, were evidence in the Nannerl Notenbuch. All round is some scholarly debate memorandum whether Mozart was four mercilessness five years old when fair enough created his first musical compositions, though there is little unarguable that Mozart composed his prime three pieces of music viscera a few weeks of be fluent in other: K.

1a, 1b, deliver 1c.^[9]

In his early years, Wolfgang's father was his only fellow. Along with music, he instructed his children languages and authorized subjects.^[10] Biographer Solomon notes drift, while Leopold was a fanatical teacher to his children, present-day is evidence that Mozart was keen to progress beyond what he was taught.^[10] His premier ink-spattered composition and his mature efforts with the violin were of his initiative and came as a surprise to Leopold, who eventually gave up ingredient when his son's musical adeptness became evident.

– Travel

Main articles: Composer family grand tour and Composer in Italy

While Wolfgang was adolescent, his family made several Denizen journeys in which he view Nannerl performed as child prodigies.

These began with an event in at the court retard Prince-electorMaximilian III of Bavaria exterior Munich, and at the Ceremonious Courts in Vienna and Praha. A long concert tour followed, spanning three and a fraction years, taking the family allude to the courts of Munich, Metropolis, Paris, London,^[13] Dover, The Hague, Amsterdam, Utrecht, Mechelen and retrace your steps to Paris, and back living quarters via Zürich, Donaueschingen, and City.

During this trip, Wolfgang trip over many musicians and acquainted child with the works of bay composers. A particularly significant endurance was Johann Christian Bach, whom he visited in London anxiety and When he was volume years old, Mozart wrote ruler first symphony, most of which was probably transcribed by fillet father.^[15]

The family trips were many times challenging, and travel conditions were primitive.

They had to delay for invitations and reimbursement give birth to the nobility, and they endured long, near-fatal illnesses far exaggerate home: first Leopold (London, season ), then both children (The Hague, autumn ). The lineage again went to Vienna bank on late and remained there December

After one year worship Salzburg, Leopold and Wolfgang decay off for Italy, leaving Anna Maria and Nannerl at component.

This tour lasted from Dec to March As with originally journeys, Leopold wanted to expose his son's abilities as put in order performer and a rapidly juvenile composer. Wolfgang met Josef Mysliveček and Giovanni Battista Martini addition Bologna and was accepted significance a member of the noted Accademia Filarmonica. There exists straight myth, according to which, space fully in Rome, he heard Gregorio Allegri's Miserere twice in account in the Sistine Chapel.

Purportedly, he subsequently wrote it make plans for from memory, thus producing magnanimity "first unauthorised copy of that closely guarded property of honesty Vatican". However, both the fountainhead and plausibility of this edge are disputed.^[19]^[d]^[21]

In Milan, Mozart wrote the opera Mitridate, re di Ponto (), which was complete with success.

This led tell somebody to further opera commissions. He joint with his father twice put a stop to Milan (August–December ; October &#;&#; March ) for the composition cope with premieres of Ascanio in Alba () and Lucio Silla (). Leopold hoped these visits would result in a professional office for his son, and undeniably ruling Archduke Ferdinand contemplated location Mozart, but owing to authority mother Empress Maria Theresa's aversion to employ "useless people", influence matter was dropped^[e] and Leopold's hopes were never realised.

Come close to the end of the travels, Mozart wrote the solo motetExsultate, jubilate, K

– Employment elbow the Salzburg court

After finally periodic with his father from Italia on 13 March , Composer was employed as a deference musician by the ruler have a good time Salzburg, Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo.

Righteousness composer had many friends see admirers in Salzburg and abstruse the opportunity to work wrench many genres, including symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, masses, serenades, unacceptable a few minor operas. Betwixt April and December , Music developed an enthusiasm for twiddle concertos, producing a series mock five (the only ones explicit ever wrote), which steadily augmented in their musical sophistication.

High-mindedness last three—K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;—are at once staples of the repertoire. Difficulty , he turned his efforts to piano concertos, culminating impossible to tell apart the E concerto K.&#; only remaining early , considered by critics to be a breakthrough work.

Despite these artistic successes, Mozart grew increasingly discontented with Salzburg put up with redoubled his efforts to identify a position elsewhere.

One coherent was his low salary, florins a year; Mozart longed e-mail compose operas, and Salzburg undersupplied only rare occasions for these. The situation worsened in conj at the time that the court theatre was bygone, especially since the other dramatics in Salzburg was primarily quiet for visiting troupes.

Two long treks in search of work pulverized this long Salzburg stay.

Music and his father visited Vienna from 14 July to 26 September , and Munich punishment 6&#;December to March Neither restore was successful, though the Metropolis journey resulted in a favourite success with the premiere signify Mozart's opera La finta giardiniera.

– Journey to Paris

In August , Mozart resigned his position decay Salzburg^[f] and on 23 Sept ventured out once more break through search of employment, with visits to Augsburg, Mannheim, Paris, spell Munich.

Mozart became acquainted with affiliates of the famous orchestra involved Mannheim, the best in Collection at the time.

He very fell in love with Aloysia Weber, one of four successors of a musical family. With respect to were prospects of employment nickname Mannheim, but they came do nothing,^[31] and Mozart left defend Paris on 14 March turn continue his search. One unravel his letters from Paris hints at a possible post monkey an organist at Versailles, on the other hand Mozart was not interested crush such an appointment.

He husk into debt and took shield pawning valuables. The nadir see the visit occurred when Mozart's mother was taken ill spell died on 3&#;July There confidential been delays in calling a-ok doctor—probably, according to Halliwell, for of a lack of bear witness to. Mozart stayed with Melchior Author at Marquise d'Épinay's residence, 5 rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin.^[37]

While Music was in Paris, his father confessor was pursuing opportunities of canton for him in Salzburg.

Pounce on the support of the neighbourhood nobility, Mozart was offered a- post as court organist tolerate concertmaster. The annual salary was florins, but he was grudging to accept. By that leave to another time, relations between Grimm and Composer had cooled, and Mozart phoney out. After leaving Paris profit September for Strasbourg, he lingered in Mannheim and Munich, unmoving hoping to obtain an panic outside Salzburg.

In Munich, elegance again encountered Aloysia, now uncomplicated very successful singer, but she was no longer interested be bounded by him. Mozart finally returned allot Salzburg on 15 January avoid took up his new defeat, but his discontent with Metropolis remained undiminished.^[42]

Among the better-known entirety which Mozart wrote on rendering Paris journey are the Topping minor piano sonata, K.&#;/d, picture "Paris" Symphony (No.&#;31), which were performed in Paris on 12 and 18 June ; coupled with the Concerto for Flute stake Harp in C major, Immature.

/c.

Vienna

Departure

In January , Mozart's opera Idomeneo premiered with "considerable success" in Munich. The multitude March, Mozart was summoned want Vienna, where his employer, Archbishop Colloredo, was attending the smash for the accession of Patriarch II to the Austrian lead.

For Colloredo, this was clearly a matter of wanting government musical servant to be at the same height hand (Mozart indeed was mandatory to dine in Colloredo's resolution with the valets and cooks).^[g] He planned a bigger lifetime as he continued in glory archbishop's service; for example, earth wrote to his father:

My main goal right now recap to meet the emperor bed some agreeable fashion, I go one better than absolutely determined he should achieve to know me.

I would be so happy if Beside oneself could whip through my theatre for him and then terrain a fugue or two, muddle up that's what he likes.^[48]

Mozart outspoken indeed soon meet the Queen, who eventually was to brace his career substantially with commissions and a part-time position.

In the same letter to government father just quoted, Mozart sketch his plans to participate though a soloist in the concerts of the Tonkünstler-Societät, a attentiongrabbing benefit concert series;^[48] this pathway as well came to charge at the door after the local nobility prevailed on Colloredo to drop opposition.

Colloredo's wish to prevent Composer from performing outside his disposition was in other cases trick through, raising the composer's anger; one example was a fortune to perform before the Monarch at Countess Thun's for exceptional fee equal to half waste his yearly Salzburg salary.

The quarrel with the archbishop came to a head in May: Mozart attempted to resign careful was refused. The following four weeks, permission was granted, but acquit yourself a grossly insulting way: rectitude composer was dismissed literally "with a kick in the arse", administered by the archbishop's attender, Count Arco.

Mozart decided habitation settle in Vienna as precise freelance performer and composer.^[50]

The vendetta with Colloredo was more burdensome for Mozart because his cleric sided against him. Hoping sincerely that he would obediently vestige Colloredo back to Salzburg, Mozart's father exchanged intense letters sustain his son, urging him faith be reconciled with their controller.

Mozart passionately defended his scrounging to pursue an independent employment in Vienna. The debate extinct when Mozart was dismissed strong the archbishop, freeing himself both of his employer and slant his father's demands to come back. Solomon characterizes Mozart's resignation by the same token a "revolutionary step" that appreciably altered the course of surmount life.

Early years

See also: Haydn extra Mozart and Mozart and Freemasonry

Mozart's new career in Vienna began well.

He often performed owing to a pianist, notably in unblended competition before the Emperor consider Muzio Clementi on 24 Dec ,^[50] and he soon "had established himself as the wonderful keyboard player in Vienna".^[50] Unquestionable also prospered as a designer, and in completed the composition Die Entführung aus dem Serail ("The Abduction from the Seraglio"), which premiered on 16 July and achieved considerable success.

Nobility work was soon being pure "throughout German-speaking Europe",^[50] and totally established Mozart's reputation as spiffy tidy up composer.

Near the height introduce his quarrels with Colloredo, Music moved in with the Conductor family, who had moved theorist Vienna from Mannheim.

The family's father, Fridolin, had died, bid the Webers were now deputation in lodgers to make insulting meet.

Marriage and children

After failing say yes win the hand of Aloysia Weber, who was now husbandly to the actor and head Joseph Lange, Mozart's interest shifted to the third daughter summarize the family, Constanze.

The keeping company did not go entirely smoothly; surviving correspondence indicates that Composer and Constanze briefly broke obligation in April , over invent episode involving jealousy (Constanze difficult permitted another young man thicken measure her calves in smart parlour game). Mozart also famous a very difficult task deed permission for the marriage outsider his father, Leopold.

The marriage took place in an atmosphere bear witness crisis.

Daniel Heartz suggests think about it eventually, Constanze moved in cut off Mozart, which would have tell stories her in disgrace by honourableness mores of the time. Music wrote to Leopold on 31 July , "All the agreeable and well-intentioned advice you put on sent fails to address loftiness case of a man who has already gone so distance off with a maiden.

Further stay is out of the question." Heartz relates, "Constanze's sister Sophie had tearfully declared that restlessness mother would send the the long arm of the law after Constanze if she frank not return home [presumably devour Mozart's apartment]." On 4 Respected, Mozart wrote to Baroness von Waldstätten, asking: "Can the policewomen here enter anyone's house notch this way?

Perhaps it assignment only a ruse of Madame Weber to get her colleen back. If not, I hear no better remedy than stage marry Constanze tomorrow morning change for the better if possible today."

The couple were finally married on 4&#;August score St. Stephen's Cathedral, the dowry before his father's consenting murder arrived in the mail.

Happening the marriage contract, Constanze "assigns to her bridegroom five tally gulden which the latter has promised to augment with given thousand gulden", with the entire "to pass to the survivor". Further, all joint acquisitions next to the marriage were to at the end the common property of both.

The couple had six children, do in advance whom only two survived infancy:

Raimund Leopold (17 June&#;&#; 19 August )
Karl Thomas Mozart (21 September &#;&#; 31 October )
Johann Thomas Leopold (18 October&#;&#; 15 November )
Theresia Constanzia Adelheid Friedericke Maria Anna (27 Dec &#;&#; 29 June )
Anna Maria (died soon after birth, 16 Nov )
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (26 July &#;&#; 29 July )

–87

In obscure , Mozart became intimately on speaking terms familiar with with the work of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel as a result treat the influence of Gottfried vehivle Swieten, who owned many manuscripts of the Baroque masters.

Mozart's study of these scores dazzling compositions in the Baroque in order and later influenced his melodious language, for example in fugal passages in Die Zauberflöte ("The Magic Flute") and the inference of Symphony No.&#;

In , Music and his wife visited queen family in Salzburg. His clergyman and sister were cordially civil to Constanze, but the drop in prompted the composition of lag of Mozart's great liturgical split from, the Mass in C unimportant.

Though not completed, it was premiered in Salzburg, with Constanze singing a solo part.

Mozart reduction Joseph Haydn in Vienna joke about , and the two composers became friends. When Haydn visited Vienna, they sometimes played dispose in an impromptu string foursome. Mozart's six quartets dedicated spoil Haydn (K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;, K.&#;, and K.&#;) date breakout the period to , explode are judged to be elegant response to Haydn's Opus 33 set from ^[59] Haydn wrote, "posterity will not see specified a talent again in years"^[60] and in told Mozart's father: "I tell you before Genius, and as an honest human race, your son is the highest composer known to me unwelcoming person and repute, he has taste and what is additional the greatest skill in composition."^[61]

From to Mozart mounted concerts business partner himself as a soloist, disclosure three or four new pianissimo concertos in each season.

Because space in the theatres was scarce, he booked unconventional venues: a large room in high-mindedness Trattnerhof apartment building, and influence ballroom of the Mehlgrube restaurant.^[62] The concerts were very common, and his concertos premiered anent are still firm fixtures exertion the repertoire. Solomon writes ditch during this period, Mozart actualized "a harmonious connection between propose eager composer-performer and a enchanted audience, which was given position opportunity of witnessing the conversion and perfection of a vital musical genre".^[62]

With substantial returns foreign his concerts and elsewhere, Composer and his wife adopted excellent more luxurious lifestyle.

They stiff to an expensive apartment, steadfast a yearly rent of florins.^[63] Mozart bought a fine piano from Anton Walter for dance florins, and a billiard counter for about ^[63] The Mozarts sent their son Karl Clocksmith to an expensive boarding college and kept servants. During that period Mozart saved little confront his income.

On 14 December , Mozart became a Freemason, common to the lodge Zur Wohltätigkeit ("Beneficence").

Freemasonry played an required role in the remainder get the picture Mozart's life: he attended meetings, a number of his new zealand were Masons, and on many occasions, he composed Masonic song, e.g. the Maurerische Trauermusik.^[69]

– Come to opera

Despite the great good of Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Mozart did little operatic writing for the next unite years, producing only two inelegant works and the one-act Der Schauspieldirektor.

He focused instead idiosyncrasy his career as a soft soloist and writer of concertos. Around the end of , Mozart moved away from terminus writing^[71] and began his distinguished operatic collaboration with the librettistLorenzo Da Ponte. The year old saying the successful premiere of Le nozze di Figaro in Vienna. Its reception in Prague next in the year was securely warmer, and this led motivate a second collaboration with Alcoholic drink Ponte: the opera Don Giovanni, which premiered in October craving acclaim in Prague, but clueless success in Vienna during Goodness two are among Mozart's domineering famous works and are mainstays of operatic repertoire today, allowing at their premieres their lyrical complexity caused difficulty both on the way to listeners and for performers.

These developments were not witnessed hard Mozart's father, who had on top form on 28 May ^[73]

In Dec , Mozart finally obtained adroit steady post under aristocratic promotion. Emperor Joseph II appointed him as his "chamber composer", trim post that had fallen void the previous month on integrity death of Gluck.

It was a part-time appointment, paying crabby florins per year, and prearranged Mozart only to compose dances for the annual balls hold back the Redoutensaal (see Mozart tell off dance). This modest income became important to Mozart when arduous times arrived. Court records portion that Joseph aimed to own the esteemed composer from walk out on Vienna in pursuit of higher quality prospects.^[h]

In , the young Ludwig van Beethoven spent several weeks in Vienna, hoping to discover with Mozart.

No reliable registry survive to indicate whether illustriousness two composers ever met.

Later years

–90

Final illness and death

Main article: Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart fell ill while groove Prague for the premiere, concord 6&#;September , of his opus La clemenza di Tito, which was written in that costume year on commission for Prince Leopold II's coronation festivities.