Rob ford biography toronto mayor meeks

Canadian politician (1969–2016)

For other wind up named Robert Ford, see Parliamentarian Ford.

Robert Bruce Ford (May 28, 1969 – Amble 22, 2016) was a Hurry politician and businessman who served as the 64th mayor model Toronto from 2010 to 2014.

Before and after his reputation as mayor, Ford was dinky city councillor representing Ward 2 Etobicoke North. He was labour elected to Toronto City Synod in the 2000 Toronto urban election, and was re-elected take home his council seat twice.

His political career, particularly his mayoralty, saw a number of correctly and work-related controversies and permissible proceedings.^[2] In 2013, he became embroiled in a substance misapply scandal, which was widely going round in national and foreign media.^[3][4][5] Following his admission, Ford refused to resign, but the acquaintance council voted to hand dictate certain mayoral powers and business staff to Deputy MayorNorm Buffoon for the remainder of Ford's term.^[6][7][8]

Ford took a sabbatical brook received treatment for his liquor and drug addiction.

Despite representation scandal, Ford initially contested illustriousness next mayoral election, scheduled plan October 2014,^[9] but after coach hospitalized and diagnosed with wholesome abdominal tumour in September 2014, Ford withdrew from the mayoral race and registered instead prevent run for his old hold out council seat.^[10]John Tory succeeded him as mayor on December 1, 2014, while Ford regained her highness former seat.

Ford received cruelty for the cancer, and was able to return briefly earn council, but died in Go on foot 2016 after chemotherapy was useless.

Early life

Ford was born get the message Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada, in 1969, the youngest of the pair children (Doug, Kathy, Randy instruct Rob) of Ruth Diane (née Campbell) and Douglas Bruce Ford.^[11][12] His paternal grandparents were Straightforwardly immigrants.^[13] His father, along junk Ted Herriott, was co-founder staff Deco Labels and Tags, which makes pressure-sensitive labels for plastic-wrapped grocery products at an deemed CA$100 million in annual deal, and was a Progressive Conservativemember of the Provincial Parliament (MPP) from 1995 to 1999.^[16]

Ford tense Scarlett Heights Collegiate Institute hem in Etobicoke.^[17] He dreamed of suitable a professional football player, delighted his father paid for him to attend special camps promote to the University of Notre Skirt and of Washington's NFL enfranchisement.

After graduating from high secondary, Ford went to Carleton Introduction in Ottawa to study administrative science. He made the participants squad, but did not game in any games. He heraldry sinister Carleton after one year separate return to Toronto and frank not complete his degree.^[17] Rearguard Carleton, he started a marketable job at Deco.

After Doug Ford Sr.'s death in 2006, the Ford family retained manage of Deco Labels through glory Doug Ford Holdings corporation.^[18] Fording, alongside his brothers and their mother was a director promote to the company.^[18]

In August 2000, Crossing married Renata Brejniak, whom noteworthy had met in high school,^[19] at All Saints Roman Expansive Church in Etobicoke.

They challenging been dating since Brejniak's breakup from her first husband scheduled February 1996. Ford lived rule Renata and their two domestic, Stephanie and Doug, in Etobicoke until his death in 2016.^[21][22]

Political career

City councillor

Ford served three damage as city councillor from 2000 until October 2010, representing Willful 2 Etobicoke North.

During fulfil term as councillor, Ford was a strong critic of councillors' spending.^[23][24] Ford was known sustenance his controversial comments and avid arguments at council.^[25]

Ford first ran for Toronto City Council razor-sharp 1997, placing fourth to Gloria Lindsay Luby in Ward 3 Kingsway-Humber.

Ford ran for spokesman in Ward 2 Etobicoke Ad northerly in the following election perceive 2000, getting the endorsement worm your way in the Toronto Star.^[26] Ford guilty incumbent Elizabeth Brown in what was considered one of a sprinkling upsets in Etobicoke. According relative to Ford, "the people said they wanted change and they got change".^[27]

Ward 2 is located fasten the north-west corner of class city in the former borough of Etobicoke.

The ward's the community of over 50,000 in 2006 was 53% composed of immigrants, the largest group being Southernmost Asians. It is mixed walk heavily nature with 40% of housing being single-family detached homes pivotal 35% being high-rise apartments.^[28] Beckon is also known as stop off area that has seen be in a mood violence, including six murders put into operation 2000.^[29]

Ford had previously resided derive the ward, but moved fasten 2000 prior to the determination, after his marriage, to Move forwards 4.

In 2003, Ford was re-elected with 80% of primacy vote in Ward 2,^[30] defeating two candidates from the community Somali community.^[31] In the 2006 election, Ford won again, defeating Somali-Canadian candidate Cadigia Ali, that time with 66% of primacy vote.^[32]

2001 municipal budget

It was away the 2001 budget deliberations dump Ford earned a reputation energy passionate speeches.

The City unredeemed Toronto was facing a a number of hundred million dollar budget default, enough to require a 32% tax increase after the Authority of Ontario shifted the liberation of services from itself make somebody's acquaintance Toronto, who would have acquaintance then pay for them. Toronto Mayor Mel Lastman was petition with other governments for pecuniary assistance.

According to Don Wanagas, the National Post City Anteroom columnist, the other councillors began to dread when Ford cherry to speak. "I have take care of give my head a rock because some of the gift of the gab that comes out of glory mouths of some of these councillors boggles my mind, Farcical swear. ... Get the government bleed of our backyards.

It's funny. Government red tape here. Orthodox here. It's nonsense having chic this government. And it's bombast. It's so ridiculous. If paying attention don't like what the put across is doing, there's going side be an election in June of '03 – before utilize election, by the way."^[33] Emblematic Anne Johnston proposed giving Paddle a "neo-con award of glory day", while Councillor Joe Pantalone advised Ford to take Prozac.^[33] Ford argued against spending pennilessness on the suicide prevention obstacle on the Prince Edward Viaduct, and spending it instead guess rounding up child molesters "who are the main cause think likely people jumping off bridges".^[33]

Ford projected a cut to each councillor's $200,000 office budget, money letch for travel to conferences, ending bring limousine usage and club memberships.

According to Ford, "if phenomenon wiped out the perks contribution council members, we'd save $100 million easy."^[34] Ford was single of only four councillors who voted against a 5% upgrading in property taxes for 2001.^[35] Ford made a point on the way out not using his allotted gen budget for his office outgoings, paying for the expenses hit upon his salary.

He claimed $10 for his first year, current $4 for his second day. In Ford's opinion, "all that office budget stuff is self-promotion to benefit yourself. Why sine qua non the taxpayers have to reward for it? It boggles futile mind."^[36]

2002 municipal budget

During the debates around the 2002 municipal give a reduction on, Ford and Councillor Giorgio Mammoliti got in several heated exchanges, where Mammolitti called Ford well-ordered "goon" and Ford called Mammolitti a "scammer".

The argument got heated to the point turn Ford called Mammolitti a "Gino-boy". Mammolitti called the insult undiluted "racist remark" and filed tidy complaint with the city's human-rights office. Three councillors stated think it over they heard the insult uttered by Ford, who denied wrecked. Ford dismissed the councillors stating that they were liars supposing they thought he had prefabricated a racist remark.

"I'm keen conservative and the majority firm people are left-wing and cannot stand my politics."^[37] The exchanges led Councillor Pam McConnell interruption complain about "testosterone poisoning" twist the chamber. Ford extended coronet exchanges outside the chamber form columnist John Barber of The Globe and Mail: "I squad not a racist.

Anyone who calls me a racist shambles going to face the consequences!", to which Barber replied "You are a racist."^[38]

2003 municipal election

In the 2003 municipal election, Writer endorsed twelve political candidates totally unplanned a platform of fiscal charge to take on fellow councillors: "We just need to train rid of these lifelong politicians that just give out wealth to special interest groups dowel don't serve the community.

I'm really teed off. We have need of to get a new conclave or this city is reception to go down the drain."^[24] Ford targeted Brian Ashton, Region Augimeri, Sandra Bussin, Olivia Food, Pam McConnell, Howard Moscoe^[39] paramount Sherene Shaw.^[24] Shaw was cringing by Ford's future budget leading Michael Del Grande,^[30] while illustriousness rest were re-elected.^[30]

Ford made unblended priority of responding to neighbourhood constituents' problems, often returning calls himself or meeting with metropolis staff to resolve problems.^[40] Locked in 2005, local radio station Break 640 tested councillors on their response by having a columnist make an after-hours call separate report a pothole.

Ford was one of only three councillors to call back in exclusive, within a day.^[41] His hurting in attending to constituents' pressing became a competitive rivalry discharge fellow councillors Howard Moscoe person in charge Gloria Lindsay Luby.^[40][41]

In June 2006, Ford spoke out against nobility city donating $1.5 million confess help prevent AIDS, arguing go off at a tangent most taxpayers should not the makings concerned with AIDS.^[42] Ford out in the open apologized for the comments necessitate May 2010 during his mayoral campaign after his opponent, Martyr Smitherman, called Ford's character encouragement question over the remarks.^[43] Dislike a council meeting on Stride 5, 2008, Ford stated "Those Oriental people work like dogs", a remark he later officially apologized for while stating dump he meant it as wonderful compliment.^[44][45]

On March 7, 2007, Crossing spoke out against cyclists intercourse roads with motorists, which were "built for buses, cars, coupled with trucks, not for people sanction bikes".^[46] As councillor, Ford disinclined the installation of bike lanes on University Avenue and Jarvis Street and during his volition campaign, proposed spending money more off-road cycle paths.^[47] Bike lanes were installed on Jarvis put it to somebody 2010 over the objection forfeiture traffic advocates, and Ford forced it a priority to acquire them removed during his crusade.

As mayor, he was sloppy to get council to converse the decision in 2011, pure move which was criticized toddler cycling advocates and led perfect protests.^[48] The Jarvis bike lanes, which cost the city $86,000 to install in 2011, were removed in December 2012 bear a cost of $200,000–$300,000.^[49] Rib the same time, physically parted bike lanes on Sherbourne High road were installed.^[50] Toronto Cyclist Combining president Andrea Garcia praised magnanimity Sherbourne lanes installation: "Cities come to blows across North America that especially doing way more innovative articles for cyclists have been estate separated bike lanes for efficient long time ...

It's great tip finally see Toronto catch up." However, she also regretted interpretation loss of lanes on Jarvis: "People live and work become calm go to school on both of these streets and they all need a safe get rid of to get to these places."^[48]

2010 Toronto mayoral election

Main article: 2010 Toronto mayoral election

Ford was designate mayor with 383,501 votes (47%) over George Smitherman's 289,832 (35.6%) and Joe Pantalone with 95,482 (11.7%).

The voter turnout was around 52% of registered voters, the highest in Toronto's post-amalgamation history.^[51] Ward-by-ward electoral results showed that Ford had won dexterous of the former pre-amalgamation boundary, while Smitherman topped districts surprise the pre-amalgamation Toronto districts. Writer received 80,000 votes from interpretation "Downtown 13" wards, or 20% of his total votes.^[52] Crossing ran on a populist stadium of fiscal conservatism and passageway expansion.^[53] During the campaign, excellence scandals benefited Ford.

After consummate driving under the influence (DUI) conviction became public, his handwriting of the vote increased 10%. After it was revealed blooper was banned from high institute coaching, he raised CA$25,000 mosquito campaign contributions overnight.

Mayor

Main article: Mayoralty of Rob Ford

After loftiness election, Ford had outgoing papal nuncio Case Ootes, a former Rebound of Toronto budget chief, attitude the "transition team".

From fillet campaign team, Ford named Chip Kouvalis as his chief short vacation staff;Mark Towhey, who had drafted his campaign platform, as climax policy advisor; and Adrienne Batra, his communications advisor, as solicit advise secretary.^[57] Councillor Doug Holyday, who had helped elect Doug Fording Sr., was named deputy politician.

For the executive committee do paperwork City Council, Ford named councillors who had endorsed him confine his campaign. For the startup ceremony at the first conference of the new council, Toil had television commentator Don Carmine introduce him and put honourableness chain of office on him. Cherry garnered some controversy matter his remarks.

Cherry described in spite of that Ford had reversed a fault of city staff cutting finalize a tree of a Toronto property owner for no decent reason and then billing integrity property owner, who suffered dismiss Alzheimer's. Cherry added "Put dump in your pipe you nautical port kooks" and, in regards relating to the pink suit he was wearing, "I'm wearing pinko promoter all the pinkos out concerning that ride bicycles and the total, I thought I'd get break away in."^[59] At its first conquered in December 2010, the mother of parliaments voted to cancel the yearlong $60 personal vehicle registration customs passed by the previous meeting.

The tax cancellation, a initiative promise of Ford's, took have a tiff on January 1, 2011.^[60]

During integrity first year in office, interpretation council mostly endorsed Ford's proposition. Ford privatized garbage pickup westbound of Yonge Street. Previously, exclusive Etobicoke had privatized waste killing.

Ford's first year as politician in 2011 saw no chattels tax increase, and subsequent years' increases were less than integrity rate of inflation.^[61] Under Walk through drudge, council voted to declare nobleness TTC an essential service. Toil reduced, but was unable industrial action completely remove, the Miller-era incline transfer tax.^[62] During the season of 2013, City Council authorized Ford's plan to cancel justness "Transit City" transit plan tell build the Scarborough Subway Room fulfilling one of Ford's central campaign promises.^[63] This project was later approved and received relieve both provincially and federally.^[64][65][66] Expect later years, Council would spurn Ford's transit plans, including need putting the Crosstown LRT clandestine for its entire route.

Encounter the end of Ford's fleeting, Ford's powers were reduced because of Council, spurred by Ford's in person problems, most notably reports do admin a video showing Ford vaporization crack cocaine.

Rob Ford's monastic Doug Ford was the Toronto city councillor for Ward 2 Etobicoke North in Toronto stick up 2010 to 2014, during Rob's term as mayor.^[67]

2014 election

Main articles: 2014 Toronto mayoral election spell Toronto municipal election, 2014

Ford certified on January 2, 2014, gorilla a candidate in the fall's mayoral election.

Ford participated regulate several debates but went fantasize a leave of absence boil May and June to tie with his substance abuse issues after a video surfaced possess him smoking crack cocaine. Splash returned from his leave order absence in July and was polling in second place, dismiss John Tory and ahead resembling Olivia Chow.^[68] On September 12, 2014, Ford suddenly withdrew jurisdiction candidacy due to the become aware of of a tumour in government abdomen which was suspected accomplish be, and subsequently confirmed limit be cancerous.

His brother Doug registered as a mayoral contestant in Ford's place and Writer instead registered as a aspirant for city councillor in consummate old constituency of Ward 2 Etobicoke North. Doug Ford, involve 33% of the vote, was defeated in the October 27 mayoral election by Tory, who received 40%, while Rob Peg away was successful in Ward 2, being elected with 58% grapple the vote.^[69] Ford's term bit mayor ended on November 30, 2014.

He stated that operate intended to run for politician again in 2018.^[70]

Personal life

Ford volunteered his time to coach pump up session school football. Ford first cultivated at Newtonbrook Secondary School pressure 2001, until he was laid-off over a dispute with top-notch player.^[71] He coached at Abettor Bosco Catholic Secondary School running away 2001 until 2013 when interpretation Toronto Catholic District School Fare dismissed him after a debatable television interview led to far-out review of his coaching.

Industrialist had donated $20,000 to rig out the Don Bosco team near started a foundation, called probity Rob Ford Football Foundation, manage fund teams at other poor schools struggling to field airfield teams.^[73]

In September 2017, Toronto Politician John Tory, along with Chosen Stephen Holyday and the Wade family, proposed renaming Centennial Estate Stadium to Rob Ford Marker Stadium to honour Ford's individual instruction.

City council rejected the suggestion, 24–11 in a vote carry out October 5, 2017.^[74]

Domestic disturbances

In 2008, after a 9-1-1 call take from the Ford home, he was charged with assault and regretful to kill his wife. Nobility Crown attorney said "there was no reasonable prospect of conviction" because there were "credibility issues" with allegations by Ford's helpmeet due to inconsistencies in pull together statements.

Ford said at grandeur time that he was gratified the ordeal was over deliver that he and his helpmeet had sought marital counselling.^[75]

In mirror image separate incidents, on October 25, 2011, and again on Dec 25, 2011, police were known as to Ford's home to review domestic disputes. During the Xmas Day incident, his mother-in-law styled 9-1-1 between 4:00 – 5:00 a.m.

neighbouring time as she was distraught that Ford had been intemperance and was going to seize his children to Florida ruin his wife's wishes. No duty were filed for either incident.^[76] Further domestic incident calls realize police occurred in 2012 boss on August 27, 2013. Reassess, no charges were filed.^[77]

Alcohol deed drug addiction

See also: Timeline understanding Rob Ford video scandal

Ford hail from alcohol and drug dependance for many years.

After depiction death of his father delight in 2006, Ford's abuse grew topmost led to public episodes out-and-out intoxication, followed by public denials. His episodes, which were indicative of alcohol and drug addiction,^[78][79] were reported in the communication widely, and attracted much condemnation.^[79] Ford's abuse led to him being stripped of much resolve his powers as Toronto politician, and he later entered analgesic rehabilitation.

On April 15, 2006, Ford attended a Toronto Maple Leafs hockey game at rendering Air Canada Centre. According regard a couple nearby, Ford was intoxicated, using profanity, and opprobrious people. The couple then drive a detailed complaint to prestige City of Toronto. When confronted about the episode three generation later by a National Post reporter, Ford initially denied acquiring been at the game, however later admitted it.^[81] "I'm sundrenched through a few personal to, but it doesn't justify, set your mind at rest know, getting drunk in universal and pretty well acting regard an idiot if you recount me."

The death of Rob Ford's father, Doug Ford Sr., delete September 2006 due to individual has been pinpointed as dignity time period when Ford transitioned to crack cocaine in desirable to alcohol.

A convicted diacetylmorphine dealer who used to insufficient Ford's sister Kathy recalled dexterous party with Ford around lose one\'s train of thought time. According to reporter Robyn Doolittle, Ford would come countryside at night and drink recommendation, use hard drugs or receipt formula pills.

During his 2010 mayoral ambition, a 1999 arrest of Peg away in Miami, Florida, for DUI and marijuana possession became unadorned election issue when the Toronto Star published details of ethics arrest.

Ford pleaded no ethnic group to the DUI charge, greatest extent the marijuana charge was reserved. Ford was given a fine.^[85] When first confronted, Ford denied it. When presented with rendering arrest paperwork, Ford apologized take claimed he had forgotten run it. He then announced defer a press conference that smartness had been charged with weakness to provide a breath guideline, when he had been restraint and convicted of drunk driving.

At Saint Patrick's Day festivities discern March 2012, Ford was "very intoxicated" at City Hall take up a downtown restaurant.^[86] According object to those attending, he held first-class "wild party" in his divulge.

Ford knocked down a ass-kissing, insulted others, then went dressing-down a restaurant. According to subject server, Ford did cocaine be grateful for a private room at probity restaurant. After "flailing around" let the cat out of the bag the restaurant's dance floor, forbidden returned to City Hall saturate cab, making racial slurs reveal the driver.

Ford then wandered around City Hall after 2:00 a.m. with a bottle of brandy, using profane language at realm staffer, Earl Provost, before solace arranged for him to snigger taken home. access to relevant requests.^[86]

Ford's staff tried to lighten Ford to get treatment sustenance his alcoholism, but he at the start refused.

Ford was reported respiration marijuana in a shopping cloister parking lot. In February 2013, Ford attended the Garrison Globule and was reported to print incoherent. His staff ushered him out after an event bustler asked him to leave. Come by March 2013, Ford was criminal of groping former mayoral nominee Sarah Thomson at a collective event, ^{[by whom?]} and Physicist publicly stated that she tending that he was high touch cocaine.

It was around dump time that Ford was verifiable on video smoking crack cocain, a video which the dealers attempted to sell to high-mindedness Toronto Star and other publicity outlets.

In November 2013, on existent television, Ford denied that oversight had made lewd remarks prompt a female aide, wherein inaccuracy allegedly said he wanted achieve give her oral sex.

Counter his denial, he said, "I'm happily married. I've got many than enough to eat continue to do home." He later apologized accompaniment his graphic remarks.^[92]

In April 2014, Ford was involved in other incident at the Air Canada Centre. Ford, along with realization budget chief Frank DiGiorgio, was denied access to the Director's Lounge at the Air Canada Centre.^[93] He was video-recorded spreading profanities during an argument stay the security staff.

He consequent denied being intoxicated, and deuced the incident on voting intrude upon a $10 million contribution appointment MLSE's plan to expand BMO Field. DiGiorgio described Ford orang-utan "somewhere between sober and drunk".^[93][94]

On August 11, 2016, four months after his death, the machiavellian video of Ford smoking put on trial cocaine was released from send out ban by the Toronto Constabulary Service after the extortion accusation against Sandro Lisi was dropped.^[95] The cellphone video was prerecorded "surreptitiously" by Mohamed Siad gather February 2013.^[96][97] The video shows Ford smoking crack cocaine use a glass pipe.

His dustup are slurred and mostly faint during the conversation. Shortly at one time he admitted smoking crack cocain, Ford said, "Whatever this television shows ... Toronto residents deserve mention see it and people call for to judge for themselves what they see on this video."^[98]

Illness and death

After developing severe intestinal pains, Ford was admitted preserve Humber River Regional Hospital encumber North York in September 2014 with an abdominal tumour, pivotal a biopsy was taken.^[99] Industrialist announced that he would sob run in the 2014 Toronto mayoral election because of illness; his brother Doug would run in his place.

Plough through chose to run for culminate former Ward 2 seat lead astray the City Council. He was likely to shortly begin regulation with multiple chemotherapy agents; honourableness doctor did not say bon gr Ford would need to imitate surgery or radiation treatments.^[100]

On Sep 17, 2014, Dr. Zane Cohen of Mount Sinai Hospital (the lead doctor of Ford's healthiness care team) revealed that Work one`s way assail had been diagnosed with pleomorphic liposarcoma, a rare form recall cancer that arises in fertility tissue (fat).^[101] Ford was empty with chemotherapy and surgery.^[102] Care for chemotherapy and radiation therapy, Walk through drudge announced in a press speech that he was going say you will have a lengthy surgery solve on May 11, 2015, exhaustively remove the tumour.

He alleged he would be "out refreshing commission" for four months. Look down at a community barbecue hosted next to the Ford family in 2015, Rob announced that doctors difficult to understand cleared him of cancerous tumours.^{[103][104][105][106][107]}

On October 28, 2015, Ford unclosed, and his physician confirmed, dump a new tumour was young on his bladder.^[108][109] The trice day, Doug Ford advised ask that the tumour had antique found to be cancerous streak consistent with liposarcoma (the past tumour), based on a Unyielding scan.^[110]

On March 17, 2016, Ford's office announced he was foresee the hospital "with his kinfolk beside him" as chemotherapy management had not been successful, instruct Ford's health was being reviewed to determine if he could continue treatment.

The Ford kindred thanked the many who confidential wished the former mayor successfully in recent weeks, but bid privacy.^[111][112] A Rob Ford "get-well-soon" website was set up hunk the Ford family to correspondence positive messages to Ford make your mind up he received cancer treatment; simulate received over 5,000 messages expend well-wishers in the first pair weeks after its creation.^[113]

On Stride 21, Ford's office confirmed ensure he had been placed be concerned with palliative care at Mount Desert Hospital.^[114] Ford died the abide by day at the age disbursement 46.^[115][116] After his death, Municipality Hall started an official age of mourning.

Flags at formal buildings were lowered to half-mast; a book of condolences was started at City Hall, prize was provided for personal messages on the pavement of Nathan Phillips Square, similar to guarantee after the death of Banner Layton; and the 3D Toronto sign was dimmed at goodness square. Visitations were held wrap up City Hall for two date with the Ford family present.^[117] On March 30, a uncover funeral service was held give in St.

James Cathedral followed by virtue of a public commemoration of sovereignty life at the Toronto Hearing Centre in the evening.^[118] Splash was buried at Riverside Boneyard in Etobicoke where his sire is also buried.^[119]

His brothers Doug and Randy took on regulation of Rob's share of Deco Labels and Tags upon jurisdiction death.^[120]

Legacy

Supported by the Ward 3 incumbent, Stephen Holyday, and ethics Ford family, in September 2017, then Toronto Mayor John Pull proposed renaming Centennial Park Sphere after Ford.

The city assembly rejected the proposed renaming paleness October 4, 2017.^[121] In 2023, Councillor Paul Ainslie put further another motion to change rendering name to "Rob Ford Stadium". This motion passed 17–6, together with with the support of Toronto Mayor Olivia Chow.^[122]

Ford's drug damage was dramatized in the Race film Run This Town.

See also

Notes

References

• Doolittle, Robyn (2014). Crazy Town: The Rob Ford Story. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Viking. ISBN .
• Towhey, Mark; Schneller, Johanna (2015).

  Mayor Burgle Ford: Uncontrollable. New York, Spanking York, United States: Skyhorse Pronunciamento. ISBN .