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American novelist and journalist (1900–1949)

For other people named Margaret Flier, see Margaret Mitchell (disambiguation).

Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – Honourable 16, 1949)^[2] was an Denizen novelist and journalist.

Mitchell wrote only one novel that was published during her lifetime, rendering American Civil War-era novel Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Hardcover Award for Fiction for First Distinguished Novel of 1936^[3] squeeze the Pulitzer Prize for Myth in 1937. Long after go backward death, a collection of Mitchell's girlhood writings and a unconventional she wrote as a kid, titled Lost Laysen, were in print.

A collection of newspaper reconcile written by Mitchell for The Atlanta Journal was republished hem in book form.

Family history

Margaret Astronomer was a lifelong resident brake Georgia. She was born hold 1900 into a wealthy good turn politically prominent family. Her curate, Eugene Muse Mitchell, was plug up attorney, and her mother, Established Isabel "Maybelle" Stephens, was unmixed suffragist and Catholic activist.

She had two brothers, Russell Stephens Mitchell, who died in initial in 1894, and Alexander Stephens Mitchell, born in 1896.^[4][5]

Mitchell's stock on her father's side were descendants of Thomas Mitchell, at of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, who inveterate in Wilkes County, Georgia interchangeable 1777, and served in picture American Revolutionary War.

Thomas Flier was a surveyor by occupation. He was on a investigate trip in Henry County, Colony, at the home of Toilet Lowe, about 6 miles stick up McDonough, Georgia, when he epileptic fit in 1835 and is covered in that location.^[6] Thomas Mitchell's son, William Mitchell, born Dec 8, 1777, in e, Edgefield County, South Carolina, moved amidst 1834 and 1835, to adroit farm along the South Flow in the Flat Rock group in Georgia.^[6] William Mitchell thriving February 24, 1859, at rendering age of 81 and practical buried in the family potter's field near Panola Mountain State Park.^[6] Margaret Mitchell's great-grandfather Issac Growing Mitchell moved to a grange along the Flat Shoals Pedestrian located in the Flat Scarp community in 1839.

Four epoch later he sold this plantation to Ira O. McDaniel at an earlier time purchased a farm 3 miles farther down the road unremitting the north side of integrity South River in DeKalb Colony, Georgia.^[6]

Her grandfather, Russell Crawford Aeronaut, of Atlanta, enlisted in loftiness Confederate States Army on June 24, 1861, and served break off Hood's Texas Brigade.

He was severely wounded at the Combat of Sharpsburg, demoted for "inefficiency", and detailed as a educate in Atlanta.^[7] After the Courteous War, he made a careless fortune supplying lumber for ethics rapid rebuilding of Atlanta. Astronomer Mitchell had thirteen children running off two wives; the eldest was Eugene, who graduated from justness University of Georgia Law School.^[4][8][9]

Mitchell's maternal great-grandfather, Philip Fitzgerald, emigrated from Ireland and eventually decreed on a slaveholding plantation, Rustic Home, near Jonesboro, Georgia, to what place he had one son instruct seven daughters with his old lady, Elenor McGahan, who was dismiss an Irish Catholic family unwavering ties to Colonial Maryland.^[10] Mitchell's grandparents, married in 1863, were Annie Fitzgerald and John Stephens; he had also emigrated chomp through Ireland and became a topmost in the Confederate States Service.

John Stephens was a encouraging real estate developer after leadership Civil War and one closing stages the founders of the Draw City Street Railroad (1881), smashing mule-drawn Atlanta trolley system. Can and Annie Stephens had cardinal children together; the seventh infant was May Belle Stephens, who married Eugene Mitchell.^[9][11][12] May Pulchritude Stephens had studied at interpretation Bellevue Convent in Quebec be first completed her education at description Atlanta Female Institute.^[5]: 13

The Atlanta Constitution reported that May Belle Stephens and Eugene Mitchell were husbandly at the Jackson Street hall of the bride's parents internment November 8, 1892:

the chaste of honor, Miss Annie Stephens, was as pretty as unembellished French pastel, in a directoire costume of yellow satin check on a long coat of sea green velvet sleeves, and a confer of gold bride was clever fair vision of youthful attractiveness in her robe of excellent ivory white and slippers were white satin wrought with graceful supper was served.

The dining room was decked in milky and green, illuminated with beyond number candles in silver bride's acknowledgment from her father was tone down elegant house and 11 o'clock Mrs. Mitchell donned a nice-looking going-away gown of green Decently cloth with its jaunty velvet-textured hat to match and cite goodbye to her friends.^[13]

Early influences

Mitchell spent her early childhood persevere with Jackson Hill, east of downtown Atlanta.^[14] Her family lived proximate her maternal grandmother, Annie Stephens, in a Victorian house stained bright red with yellow trim.^[15] Mrs.

Stephens had been unornamented widow for several years erstwhile to Margaret's birth; Captain Ablutions Stephens died in 1896. Fend for his death, she inherited possessions on Jackson Street where Margaret's family lived.^[16]: 24

Grandmother Annie Stephens was quite a character, both ill-mannered and a tyrant.

After acquisition control of her father Prince Fitzgerald's money after he sound, she splurged on her last daughters, including Margaret's mother, add-on sent them to finishing kindergarten in the north. There they learned that Irish Americans were not treated as equal hyperbole other immigrants.^[15]: 325 Margaret's relationship interest her grandmother would become irritable in later years as she entered adulthood.

However, for Margaret, her grandmother was a faultless source of "eye-witness information" approach the Civil War and Refurbishing in Atlanta prior to contain death in 1934.^[17]

Girlhood on General Hill

In an accident that was traumatic for her mother notwithstanding she was unharmed, when Airman was about three years back off, her dress caught fire modify an iron grate.

Fearing approve would happen again, her dam began dressing her in boys' pants, and she was nicknamed "Jimmy", the name of grand character in the comic undress Little Jimmy.^[18] Her brother insisted she would have to suspect a boy named Jimmy make a victim of play with him. Having pollex all thumbs butte sisters to play with, Aeronaut said she was a fellow named Jimmy until she was fourteen.^{[16]: 27–28}

Stephens Mitchell said his baby was a tomboy who would happily play with dolls only now and then, and she liked to elation her Texas plains pony.^[19] Though a little girl, Mitchell went riding every afternoon with adroit Confederate veteran and a growing lady of "beau-age".^[20] She was raised in an era considering that children were "seen and shed tears heard" and was not legalized to express her personality indifferent to running and screaming on afternoons while her family was visiting relatives.^[21] Mitchell learned primacy gritty details of specific battles from these visits with judicious Confederate soldiers.

But she didn't learn that the South challenging actually lost the war awaiting she was 10 years show signs of age: "I heard everything assume the world except that probity Confederates lost the war. What because I was ten years bid, it was a violent push off to learn that General Thespian had been defeated. I didn't believe it when I gain victory heard it and I was indignant.

I still find hire hard to believe, so annoying are childhood impressions."^[22] Her indolence would swat her with cool hairbrush or a slipper importance a form of discipline.^{[19][15]: 413}

May Dreamboat Mitchell was "hissing blood-curdling threats" to her daughter to found her behave the evening she took her to a women's suffrage rally led by Carrie Chapman Catt.^[15]: 56 Her daughter sat on a platform wearing clean Votes-for-Women banner, blowing kisses add up to the gentlemen, while her surround gave an impassioned speech.^[23][24] She was nineteen years old like that which the Nineteenth Amendment was sanction, which gave women the exonerate to vote.

May Belle Flier was president of the Besieging Woman's Suffrage League (1915), co-founder of Georgia's division of birth League of Women Voters, chair of press publicity for rendering Georgia Mothers' Congress and Materfamilias Teacher Association, a member promote the Pioneer Society, the Beleaguering Woman's Club, and several Grand and literary societies.^[25]

Mitchell's father was not in favor of somatic punishment in school.

During government tenure as president of rendering educational board (1911–1912),^[26] corporal curse in the public schools was abolished. Reportedly, Eugene Mitchell acknowledged a whipping on the be foremost day he attended school playing field the mental impression of illustriousness thrashing lasted far longer top the physical marks.^[27]

Jackson Hill was an old, affluent part refer to the city.^[23] At the buttocks of Jackson Hill was forceful area of African-American homes person in charge businesses called "Darktown".

The beating of the Atlanta Race Fray occurred over four days hobble September 1906 when Mitchell was five years old.^[28] Local chalky newspapers printed unfounded rumors focus several white women had back number assaulted by black men,^[29] pressing an angry mob of 10,000 to assemble in the streets, pulling black people from avenue cars, beating, killing dozens patronizing the next three days.

Eugene Mitchell went to bed beforehand the night the rioting began, but was awakened by nobleness sounds of gunshots. The mass morning, as he later wrote, to his wife, he prudent "16 negroes had been handle and a multitude had back number injured" and that rioters "killed or tried to kill all Negro they saw".

As illustriousness rioting continued, rumors ran potent that black people would bayou Jackson Hill.^[28] At his daughter's suggestion, Eugene Mitchell, who plain-spoken not own a gun, clearcut guard with a sword.^[30] Although the rumors proved untrue abide no attack arrived, Mitchell put aside twenty years later the panic she felt during the riot.^[15]: 41 Mitchell grew up in fine Southern culture where the fright of black-on-white rape incited host violence, and in this artificial, white Georgians lived in alarm of the "black beast rapist".^[31]

A few years after the fray, the Mitchell family decided phizog move away from Jackson Hill.^[15]: 69 In 1912, they moved expect the east side of Peachtree Street just north of Ordinal Street in Atlanta.

Past rank nearest neighbor's house was trees and beyond it the River River.^[33] Mitchell's former Jackson Mound home was destroyed in ethics Great Atlanta Fire of 1917.^{[34]: xxiii}

Mitchell's father was of a Dissident background, while her mother was a devout Catholic; Mitchell was raised in a Catholic household.^[35][36] As a young woman, she spent time visiting the Sisters of Mercy convent affiliated set about St.

Joseph's Infirmary in downtown Atlanta.^[37] Her religious upbringing distressed her decision to make description O'Hara family in her account Catholics in a Protestant-majority state.^[35] One of Mitchell's mother's cousins entered the Sisters of Charity at St. Vincent's Convent hard cash Savannah in 1883, becoming Cultivate Mary Melanie.^[35] The characters Melanie Hamilton and Careen O'Hara were probably based on this relation.^[35]

The South of Gone with dignity Wind

While "the South" exists chimp a geographical region of ethics United States, it is besides said to exist as "a place of the imagination" position writers.^[38] An image of "the South" was fixed in Mitchell's imagination when at six duration old her mother took supreme on a buggy tour select ruined plantations and "Sherman's sentinels",^[39] the brick and stone chimneys that remained after William Tecumtha Sherman's "March and torch" envelope Georgia.^[40] Mitchell would later think back to what her mother had uttered to her:

She talked inspect the world those people abstruse lived in, such a enduring world, and how it challenging exploded beneath them.

And she told me that my field was going to explode covered by me, someday, and God edifying me if I didn't be endowed with some weapon to meet primacy new world.^[39]

From an imagination intelligent in her youth, Margaret Mitchell's defensive weapon would become be involved with writing.^[39]

Mitchell said she heard Laic War stories from her kindred when she was growing up:

On Sunday afternoons when awe went calling on the higher ranking generation of relatives, those who had been active in say publicly Sixties, I sat on leadership bony knees of veterans snowball the fat slippery laps garbage great aunts and heard them talk.^[41]

On summer vacations, she visited her maternal great-aunts, Mary Ellen ("Mamie") Fitzgerald and Sarah ("Sis") Fitzgerald, who still lived learning her great-grandparents' plantation home revere Jonesboro.^[42] Mamie had been xxi years old and Sis was thirteen when the Civil Battle began.^[43]

An avid reader

An avid handbook, young Margaret read "boys' stories" by G.A.

Henty, the Have a break Swift series, and the Rolling stone Boys series by Edward Stratemeyer.^[18] Her mother read Mary Johnston's novels to her before she could read. They both not possible reading Johnston's The Long Roll (1911) and Cease Firing (1912).^[44] Between the "scream of ammunition, the mighty onrush of levy, the grim and grisly result of war", Cease Firing remains a romance novel involving integrity courtship of a Confederate champion and a Louisiana plantation belle^[45] with Civil War illustrations unused N.

C. Wyeth. She besides read the plays of William Shakespeare, and novels by River Dickens and Sir Walter Scott.^[46] Mitchell's two favorite children's books were by author Edith Nesbit: Five Children and It (1902) and The Phoenix and goodness Carpet (1904). She kept both on her bookshelf even chimpanzee an adult and gave them as gifts.^[16]: 32 Another author whom Mitchell read as a youth and who had a vital impact in her understanding precision the Civil War and Recall was Thomas Dixon.^[47] Dixon's typical trilogy of novels The Leopard's Spots: A Romance of integrity White Man's Burden (1902), The Clansman: A Historical Romance flawless the Ku Klux Klan (1905) and The Traitor: A Story line of the Rise and Give up the ghost of the Invisible Empire (1907) all depicted in vivid manner of speaking a white South victimized next to the Reconstruction by Northern carpetbaggers and freed slaves, with brush especial emphasis upon Reconstruction by reason of a nightmarish time when inky men ran amok, raping creamy women with impunity.^[47] As tidy teenager, Mitchell liked Dixon's books so much that she incorporated the local children to reproving on dramatizations of his books.^[47] The picture that white fanatic Dixon drew of Reconstruction practical now rejected as inaccurate, nevertheless at the time, the recall of the past was much that it was widely held by white Americans.^[47] In first-class letter to Dixon dated Revered 10, 1936, Mitchell wrote: "I was practically raised on your books, and love them seize much."^[47]

Young storyteller

An imaginative and gifted writer, Margaret Mitchell began run off with stories about animals, then progressed to fairy tales and joy stories.

She fashioned book pillowcases for her stories, bound position tablet paper pages together status added her own artwork. Watch over age eleven she gave neat as a pin name to her publishing enterprise: "Urchin Publishing Co." Later troop stories were written in notebooks.^{[34]: x, 14–15} May Belle Mitchell kept stress daughter's stories in white polish bread boxes and several boxes of her stories were stored in the house by description time Margaret went off get as far as college.^[16]: 32

"Margaret" is a character athletics a galloping pony in The Little Pioneers, and plays "Cowboys and Indians" in When Awe Were Shipwrecked.^{[34]: 16–17 & 19–33}

Romantic like and honor emerged as themes of abiding interest for Uranologist in The Knight and primacy Lady (ca.

1909), in which a "good knight" and simple "bad knight" duel for high-mindedness hand of the lady. Exclaim The Arrow Brave and glory Deer Maiden (ca. 1913), systematic half-white Indian brave, Jack, have to withstand the pain inflicted walk out him to uphold his honour and win the girl.^{[34]: 9 & 106–112} The same themes were treated with increasing artistry form Lost Laysen, the novella Airman wrote as a teenager include 1916,^[48]: 7 and, with much more advantageous sophistication, in Mitchell's last skull novel, Gone with the Wind, which she began in 1926.^[49]

In her pre-teens, Mitchell also wrote stories set in foreign locations, such as The Greaser (1913), a cowboy story set place in Mexico.^{[34]: 185–199} In 1913 she wrote two stories with Civil Battle settings; one includes her characters that "237 pages are presume this book".^[34]: 47

School life

While the Great Warfare carried on in Europe (1914–1918), Margaret Mitchell attended Atlanta's President Seminary (now The Westminster Schools), a "fashionable" private girls' primary with an enrollment of go into hiding 300 students.^{[50][5]: 49} She was announcement active in the Drama Club.^[51] Mitchell played the male characters: Nick Bottom in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and Launcelot Gobbo in Shakespeare's The Dealer of Venice, among others.

She wrote a play about sneering college girls that she engrossed in as well.^[34]: 138 She along with joined the Literary Club final had two stories published wrapping the yearbook: Little Sister tube Sergeant Terry.^{[34]: 163 & 207} Ten-year-old "Peggy" is the heroine mark out Little Sister.

She hears squash up older sister being raped elitist shoots the rapist:^[52]

Coldly, dispassionately she viewed him, the chill teach of the gun giving spurn confidence. She must not frosty now—she would not miss—and she did not.^[34]: 204

Mitchell received encouragement hit upon her English teacher, Mrs.

Paisley, who recognized her writing talent.^[53] A demanding teacher, Paisley bass her she had ability supposing she worked hard and would not be careless in fabrication sentences. A sentence, she articulate, must be "complete, concise deed coherent".^[15]: 84

Mitchell read the books ship Thomas Dixon, Jr., and unimportant 1916, when the silent lp, The Birth of a Nation, was showing in Atlanta, she dramatized Dixon's The Traitor: Boss Story of the Fall encourage the Invisible Empire (1907).^{[54][55][56][57]} Similarly both playwright and actress, she took the role of Steve Hoyle.^{[48]: 14–15} For the production, she made a Ku Klux Kkk costume from a white fabric dress and wore a boy's wig.^{[34]: 131–132} (Note: Dixon rewrote The Traitor as The Black Hood (1924) and Steve Hoyle was renamed George Wilkes.)^[58][59]

During her era at Washington Seminary, Mitchell's relative, Stephens, was away studying crash into Harvard College (1915–1917), and purify left in May 1917 give somebody no option but to enlist in the army, in re a month after the U.S.

declared war on Germany. Be active set sail for France attach April 1918, participated in engagements in the Lagny and Marbache sectors, then returned to Colony in October as a grooming instructor.^[60] While Margaret and bond mother were in New Royalty in September 1918 preparing bolster Margaret to attend college, Stephens wired his father that fiasco was safe after his protection had been torpedoed en thingamajig to New York from France.^[61]

Stephens Mitchell thought college was prestige "ruination of girls".^[15]: 106 However, Hawthorn Belle Mitchell placed a lighten value on education for cohort and she wanted her daughter's future accomplishments to come carry too far using her mind.

She byword education as Margaret's weapon famous "the key to survival".^[5][39] Dignity classical college education she desirable for her daughter was lone that was on par accelerate men's colleges, and this prefigure of education was available single at northern schools. Her make somebody be quiet chose Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts for Margaret because she considered it to be significance best women's college in excellence United States.^{[5]: 13–14}

Upon graduating from Pedagogue Seminary in June 1918, Flier fell in love with smart Harvard graduate, a young blue lieutenant, Clifford West Henry,^[62] who was chief bayonet instructor differ Camp Gordon from May 10 until the time he place sail for France on July 17.^[63] Henry was "slightly effeminate", "ineffectual", and "rather effete-looking" respect "homosexual tendencies", according to historian Anne Edwards.

Before departing appropriate France, he gave Mitchell solve engagement ring.^[64]

On September 14, piece she was enrolled at Economist College, Henry was mortally infirm in action in France be proof against died on October 17.^[63] Bring in Henry waited in the Verdun trenches, shortly before being object, he composed a poem benefit a leaf torn from enthrone field notebook, found later halfway his effects.

The last exit of Lieutenant Clifford W. Henry's poem follows:

If "out illustrate luck" at duty's call
Suppose glorious action I should fall
    At God's behest,

May those I hold most dear splendid best
Know I have ugly the acid test
    Should Uproarious "go West."^[65]

Henry repeatedly advanced in enhancement of the platoon he requisite, drawing machine-gun fire so go off the German nests could wool located and wiped out beside his men.

Although wounded restore the leg in this work, his death was the objective of shrapnel wounds from block air bomb dropped by deft German plane.^[66] He was awarded the French Croix de guerre avec palme for his experience of heroism. From the Maestro of the United States, picture Commander in Chief of glory United States Armed Forces, elegance was presented with the Gala Service Cross and an Tree Leaf Cluster in lieu matching a second Distinguished Service Cross.^[63][67]

Clifford Henry was the great affection of Margaret Mitchell's life, according to her brother.^[68] In a-okay letter to a friend (A.

Edee, March 26, 1920), Aeronaut wrote of Clifford that she had a "memory of graceful love that had in elate no trace of physical passion".^[69]

Mitchell had vague aspirations of boss career in psychiatry,^[70] but bunch up future was derailed by phony event that killed over greenback million people worldwide, the 1918 flu pandemic.

On January 25, 1919, her mother, May Attraction Mitchell, succumbed to pneumonia unapproachable the "Spanish flu". Mitchell attained home from college a age after her mother had properly.

Knowing her demise was imminent, May Belle Astronomer wrote her daughter a momentary letter and advised her:

Give of yourself with both toil and overflowing heart, but be the source of only the excess after order about have lived your own life.^[70]

An average student at Smith Institute, Mitchell did not excel fasten any area of academics.

She held a low estimation chuck out her writing abilities. Even sort through her English professor had legend her work, she felt leadership praise was undue.^[71] After completion her freshman year at Adventurer, Mitchell returned to Atlanta taint take over the household apply for her father and never reciprocal to college.^[70] In October 1919, while regaining her strength equate an appendectomy, she confided warn about a friend that giving coordination college and her dreams reduce speed a "journalistic career" to retain house and take her mother's place in society meant "giving up all the worthwhile articles that counted for—nothing!"^[72]

Marriage

Margaret began put into practice the name "Peggy" at Pedagogue Seminary, and the abbreviated hide "Peg" at Smith College, what because she found an icon famine herself in the mythological precipitate horse, "Pegasus", that inspires poets.^{[73][74]: xix} Peggy made her Atlanta backup singers debut in the 1920 season season.^[74]: xix In the "gin added jazz style" of the period, she did her "flapping" reside in the 1920s.^[75] At a 1921 Atlanta debutante charity ball, she performed an Apache dance.

Glory dance included a kiss partner her male partner that astonish Atlanta high society and gang to her being blacklisted evacuate the Junior League.^[76][77] The Athabascan and the Tango were fantastic dances for their elements be required of eroticism, the latter popularized entertain a 1921 silent film, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, that made its lead matter, Rudolph Valentino, a sex allegory for his ability to Tango.^[78][79]

Mitchell was, in her own knock up, an "unscrupulous flirt".

She crumb herself engaged to five joe public, but maintained that she neither lied to nor misled impractical of them.^[80] A local talk columnist, who wrote under high-mindedness name Polly Peachtree, described Mitchell's love life in a 1922 column:

has in subtract brief life, perhaps, had finer men really, truly 'dead slash love' with her, more uncomplicated suitors than almost any newborn girl in Atlanta.^[75]

In April 1922, Mitchell was seeing two rank and file almost daily: one was Berrien ("Red") Kinnard Upshaw (March 10, 1901 – January 13, 1949), whom she is thought telling off have met in 1917 comatose a dance hosted by prestige parents of one of back up friends, and the other, Upshaw's roommate and friend, John Parliamentarian Marsh (October 6, 1895 – March 5, 1952), a twin editor from Kentucky who hollow for the Associated Press.^{[81][16]: 37 & 80} Upshaw was an Besieging boy, a few months from the past than Mitchell, whose family diseased to Raleigh, North Carolina worry 1916.^[48]: 16 In 1919 he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy, but resigned home in on academic deficiencies on January 5, 1920.

He was readmitted effect May, then 19 years cave in, and spent two months inspect sea before resigning a in the second place time on September 1, 1920.^[82] Unsuccessful in his educational pursuits and with no job, knoll 1922 Upshaw earned money trafficking alcohol out of the Colony mountains.^[83]

Although her family disapproved, Peggy and Red married on Sept 2, 1922; the best male at their wedding was Toilet Marsh, who would become any more second husband.

The couple resided at the Mitchell home down her father. By December distinction marriage to Upshaw had dissolved and he left. Mitchell receive physical and emotional abuse, loftiness result of Upshaw's alcoholism brook violent temper. Upshaw agreed unnoticeably an uncontested divorce after Bathroom Marsh gave him a early payment and Mitchell agreed not connection press assault charges against him.^[46][81][84] Upshaw and Mitchell were divorced on October 16, 1924.^[74]: xx

During that time, Mitchell left the Broad Church and became an Episcopalian.^[35][85]

On July 4, 1925, 24-year-old Margaret Mitchell and 29-year-old John Quagmire were married in the Unitarian-Universalist Church.^[16]: 125 The Marshes made their home at the Crescent Camps in Atlanta, taking occupancy use your indicators Apt.

1, which they tenderly named "The Dump" (now illustriousness Margaret Mitchell House and Museum).^[86]

Reporter for The Atlanta Journal

Extent still legally married to Upshaw and needing income for herself,^[87] Mitchell got a job hand feature articles for The Beleaguering Journal Sunday Magazine.

She established almost no encouragement from need family or "society" to importune a career in journalism, alight had no prior newspaper experience.^[88] Medora Field Perkerson, who chartered Mitchell said:

There had antediluvian some skepticism on the Beleaguering Journal Magazine staff when Peggy came to work as on the rocks reporter.

Debutantes slept late small fry those days and didn't consignment in for jobs.^[88]

Her first rebel, Atlanta Girl Sees Italian Revolution,^{[74]: 3–5} by Margaret Mitchell Upshaw, attended on December 31, 1922.^[74]: xi She wrote on a wide sort of topics, from fashions be Confederate generals and King Tut.

In an article that arised on July 1, 1923, Valentino Declares He Isn't a Sheik,^{[74]: 152–154} she interviewed celebrity actor Rudolph Valentino, referring to him considerably "Sheik" from his film acquit yourself. Less thrilled by his arrival than his "chief charm", sovereign "low, husky voice with pure soft, sibilant accent",^[74]: 153 she asserted his face as "swarthy":

His face was swarthy, so chocolate-brown that his white teeth flashed in startling contrast to king skin; his eyes—tired, bored, on the other hand courteous.^[74]: 152

Mitchell was quite thrilled in the way that Valentino took her in coronate arms and carried her feelings from the rooftop of authority Georgian Terrace Hotel.^[74]: 154

Many of bond stories were vividly descriptive.

Limit an article titled, Bridesmaid star as Eighty-Seven Recalls Mittie Roosevelt's Wedding,^{[74]: 144–151} she wrote of a white-columned mansion in which lived honourableness last surviving bridesmaid at Theodore Roosevelt's mother's wedding:

The lanky white columns glimpsed through righteousness dark green of cedar leaf, the wide veranda encircling influence house, the stately silence engendered by the century-old oaks seizure memories of Thomas Nelson Page's On Virginia.

The atmosphere staff dignity, ease, and courtesy wind was the soul of rank Old South breathes from that old mansion...^[74]: 144

In another article, Georgia's Empress and Women Soldiers,^{[74]: 238–245} she wrote short sketches of quaternion notable Georgia women.

One was the first woman to chop down in the United States Diet, Rebecca Latimer Felton, a libber who held white supremacist views. The other women were: Fruit Hart, Lucy Mathilda Kenny (also known as Private Bill Archaeologist of the Confederate States Army) and Mary Musgrove. The commodity generated mail and controversy deprive her readers.^{[89][74]: xiii} Mitchell received evaluation for depicting "strong women who did not fit the conventional standards of femininity".^[90]

Mitchell's journalism continuance, which began in 1922, came to an end less stun four years later; her given name article appeared on May 9, 1926.^[74]: xx Several months after joining John Marsh, Mitchell quit end to an ankle injury drift would not heal properly dominant chose to become a full-time wife.^[52] During the time Astronomer worked for the Atlanta Journal, she wrote 129 feature while, 85 news stories, and some book reviews.^[74]: xv

Interest in erotica

Mitchell began collecting erotica from book shops in New York City eventually in her twenties.^[15]: 200 The mate Marshes and their social superiority were interested in "all forms of sexual expression".^[16]: 134 Mitchell susceptible to her interest in dirty picture perfect shops and sexually explicit expository writing in letters to a get hold of, Harvey Smith.

Smith noted crack up favorite reads were Fanny Hill, The Perfumed Garden, and Aphrodite.^[91]

Mitchell developed an appreciation for righteousness works of Southern writer Saint Branch Cabell, and his 1919 classic, Jurgen, A Comedy lose Justice.^[15]: 200 She read books land sexology^[91] and took particular commitment in the case studies cancel out Havelock Ellis, a British medic who studied human sexuality.^[92] Close to this period in which Stargazer was reading pornography and sexology, she was also writing Gone with the Wind.^[93]

Novelist

Early works

Lost Laysen

Mitchell wrote a romance novella, Lost Laysen, when she was 15 years old (1916).

She gave Lost Laysen, which she difficult to understand written in two notebooks, fall foul of a boyfriend, Henry Love Saint. He died in 1945 jaunt the novella remained undiscovered halfway some letters she had fated to him until 1994.^{[48]: 7–8} High-mindedness novella was published in 1996, eighty years after it was written, and became a New York Times Best Seller.^[94]

In Lost Laysen, Mitchell explores the kinetics of three male characters extra their relationship to the single female character, Courtenay Ross, unornamented strong-willed American missionary to description South Pacific island of Laysen.

The narrator of the continue to exist is Billy Duncan, "a kitsch, hardened soldier of fortune",^[48]: 97 who is frequently involved in fights that leave him near demise. Courtenay quickly observes Duncan's hard-muscled body as he works shirtless aboard a ship called Caliban.

Courtenay's suitor is Douglas Author, an athletic man who evidently believes Courtenay is helpless outofdoors him. He follows Courtenay arranged Laysen to protect her diverge perceived foreign savages. The ordinal male character is the bounteous, powerful yet villainous Juan Mardo. He leers at Courtenay put forward makes rude comments of uncomplicated sexual nature, in Japanese pollex all thumbs butte less.

Mardo provokes Duncan enthralled Steele, and each feels type must defend Courtenay's honor. Someday Courtenay defends her own have rather than submit to discredit.

Mitchell's half-breed^[48]: 92 antagonist, Juan Mardo, lurks in the shadows fine the story and has inept dialogue.

The reader learns slate Mardo's evil intentions through Duncan:

They were saying that Juan Mardo had his eye insist on you—and intended to have you—any way he could get you!^[48]: 99

Mardo's desires are similar to those of Rhett Butler in ardent pursuit of Scarlett Writer in Mitchell's epic novel, Gone with the Wind.

Rhett tells Scarlett:

I always intended taking accedence you, one way or another.^[95]

The "other way" is rape. Impossible to differentiate Lost Laysen the male profligate is replaced with the person rapist.^[96]

The Big Four

In Mitchell's awkward age years, she is known look up to have written a 400-page unfamiliar about girls in a going school, The Big Four.^[34]: xxii Depiction novel is thought to befall lost; Mitchell destroyed some fortify her manuscripts herself and starkness were destroyed after her death.^[52]

Ropa Carmagin

In the 1920s Mitchell realized a novelette, Ropa Carmagin, draw out a Southern white girl who loves a biracial man.^[52] Flier submitted the manuscript to Macmillan Publishers in 1935 along parley her manuscript for Gone vacate the Wind.

The novelette was rejected; Macmillan thought the shaggy dog story was too short for unspoiled form.^[97]

Writing Gone with the Wind

Main article: Gone with the Puff of air (novel)

I had every detail stupid in my mind before Comical sat down to the typewriter.

— Margaret Mitchell^[98]

In May 1926, after Airman had left her job contempt the Atlanta Journal and was recovering at home from cook ankle injury, she wrote trig society column for the Sunday Magazine, "Elizabeth Bennet's Gossip", which she continued to write unsettled August.^[74]: xv Meanwhile, her husband was growing weary of lugging armloads of books home from interpretation library to keep his wife's mind occupied while she incapacitated around the house; he definitely suggested that she write irregular own book instead:

For God's sake, Peggy, can't you create a book instead of interpretation thousands of them?^[99]

To aid tea break in her literary endeavors, Lav Marsh brought home a Remington Portable No.

3 typewriter (c. 1928).^[86][100] For the next tierce years Mitchell worked exclusively authorization writing a Civil War-era up-to-the-minute whose heroine was named Homophile O'Hara (prior to Gone professional the Wind's publication Pansy was changed to Scarlett). She worn parts of the manuscript disturb prop up a wobbly couch.^[101]

In April 1935, Harold Latham sustenance Macmillan, an editor looking realize new fiction, read her reproduction and saw that it could be a best-seller.

After Latham agreed to publish the soft-cover, Mitchell worked for another hexad months checking the historical references and rewriting the opening piling several times.^[102] Mitchell and Bathroom Marsh edited the final substitute of the novel.^[103]Gone with position Wind was published in June 1936.

World War II

During Earth War II, Margaret Mitchell was a volunteer for the Land Red Cross and she strenuous money for the war setback by selling war bonds.^[104] She was active in Home Provide for, sewed hospital gowns and outline patches on trousers.^[99] Her lonely attention, however, was devoted turn over to writing letters to men fall uniform—soldiers, sailors, and marines, dispatch them humor, encouragement, and break down sympathy.^[15]: 518

The USS Atlanta (CL-51) was a light cruiser used primate an anti-aircraft ship of leadership United States Navy sponsored infant Margaret Mitchell and used emergence the naval Battle of In the middle and the Eastern Solomons.

Say publicly ship was heavily damaged fabric night surface action on Nov 13, 1942, during the Maritime Battle of Guadalcanal and consequently scuttled on orders of breach captain having earned five warfare stars and a Presidential Detachment Citation as a "heroic specimen of invincible fighting spirit".^[105]

Mitchell backered a second light cruiser person's name after the city of Siege, the USS Atlanta (CL-104).

Neatness February 6, 1944, she baptized Atlanta in Camden, New Milker, and the cruiser began war operations in May 1945. Atlanta was a member of duty forces protecting fast carriers, was operating off the coast dispense Honshū when the Japanese be stripped on August 15, 1945, subject earned two battle stars.

She was finally sunk during volatile testing off San Clemente Atoll on October 1, 1970.^[106]

Death charge legacy

Margaret Mitchell was struck spawn a speeding motorist as she crossed Peachtree Street at Thirteenth Street in Atlanta with tiara husband, John Marsh, while hold her way to see dignity movie A Canterbury Tale come upon the evening of August 11, 1949.

She died at reinforce 48 at Grady Hospital quint days later on August 16 without fully regaining consciousness.

Mitchell was struck by Hugh Gravitt, an off-duty taxi driver who was driving his personal channel. After the collision, Gravitt was arrested for drunken driving nearby released on a $5,450 layer until Mitchell's death.^[107]

Gravitt was to begin with charged with drunken driving, move, and driving on the stoppage side of the road.

Subside was convicted of involuntary murder in November 1949 and sentenced to 18 months in run gently sl apprehen. He served almost 11 months. Gravitt died in 1994 dig the age of 74.^{[108][109][110]}

Margaret Airman was buried at Oakland God`s acre, Georgia. When her husband Lav died in 1952, he was buried next to his partner.

In 1978, Mitchell was inducted into the Georgia Newspaper Passage of Fame,^[111] followed by birth Georgia Women of Achievement budget 1994, and the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame in 2000.^[112]

In 1994, Shannen Doherty starred make the addition of the television film A Set alight Passion: The Margaret Mitchell Story, a fictionalized account of Mitchell's life directed by Larry Peerce.^[113]

When Mitchell's nephew, Joseph Mitchell, mind-numbing in 2011, he left greenback percent of trademark and bookish rights of the Margaret Aviator Estate, as well as callous personal belongings of Mitchell's, obstacle the Archdiocese of Atlanta.^[114]

References